Câu 1/ +\overrightarrow{PA}=k\overrightarrow{PD}\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{PD}+\overrightarrow{DA}=k\overrightarrow{PD}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{DA}=(k-1)\overrightarrow{PD}\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AD}=(k-1)\overrightarrow{DP} Tương tự \overrightarrow{BC}=(k-1)\overrightarrow{CQ}\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{BC}=(1-k)\overrightarrow{QC} (1) +\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AP}+\overrightarrow{PQ}+\overrightarrow{QB} Tương tự \overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{DP}+\overrightarrow{PQ}+\overrightarrow{QC}\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{AP}+\overrightarrow{PD}+\overrightarrow{QB}+\overrightarrow{CQ}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{CB} (2)+ \overrightarrow{PQ}=\overrightarrow{PD}+\overrightarrow{DC}+\overrightarrow{CQ} \overrightarrow{PQ}=\overrightarrow{PA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BQ}\Rightarrow 2 \overrightarrow{PQ}=\overrightarrow{PD}+\overrightarrow{DC}+\overrightarrow{CQ}+\overrightarrow{PA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BQ} (3)+ \overrightarrow{PD}+\overrightarrow{CQ}+\overrightarrow{PA}+\overrightarrow{BQ}=\overrightarrow{PD}+k\overrightarrow{PD}-(\overrightarrow{QC}+k\overrightarrow{QC}) =(k+1)\overrightarrow{PD}-(k+1)\overrightarrow{QC} (4)(1)(2)(4)\Rightarrow(4)= \frac{k+1}{1-k}\overrightarrow{PD}+\frac{k+1}{1-k}\overrightarrow{CB}=\frac{k+1}{1-k}(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{DC}) (5)Từ (3)(5) => 2\overrightarrow{PQ}=\frac{k+1}{1-k}(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{DC})+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{PQ}=\frac{1}{1-k}(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC})
Câu 1/a/+\overrightarrow{PA}=k\overrightarrow{PD}\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{PD}+\overrightarrow{DA}=k\overrightarrow{PD}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{DA}=(k-1)\overrightarrow{PD}\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AD}=(k-1)\overrightarrow{DP} Tương tự \overrightarrow{BC}=(k-1)\overrightarrow{CQ}\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{BC}=(1-k)\overrightarrow{QC} (1) +\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AP}+\overrightarrow{PQ}+\overrightarrow{QB} Tương tự \overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{DP}+\overrightarrow{PQ}+\overrightarrow{QC}\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{AP}+\overrightarrow{PD}+\overrightarrow{QB}+\overrightarrow{CQ}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{CB} (2)+ \overrightarrow{PQ}=\overrightarrow{PD}+\overrightarrow{DC}+\overrightarrow{CQ} \overrightarrow{PQ}=\overrightarrow{PA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BQ}\Rightarrow 2 \overrightarrow{PQ}=\overrightarrow{PD}+\overrightarrow{DC}+\overrightarrow{CQ}+\overrightarrow{PA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BQ} (3)+ \overrightarrow{PD}+\overrightarrow{CQ}+\overrightarrow{PA}+\overrightarrow{BQ}=\overrightarrow{PD}+k\overrightarrow{PD}-(\overrightarrow{QC}+k\overrightarrow{QC}) =(k+1)\overrightarrow{PD}-(k+1)\overrightarrow{QC} (4)(1)(2)(4)\Rightarrow(4)= \frac{k+1}{1-k}\overrightarrow{PD}+\frac{k+1}{1-k}\overrightarrow{CB}=\frac{k+1}{1-k}(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{DC}) (5)Từ (3)(5) => 2\overrightarrow{PQ}=\frac{k+1}{1-k}(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{DC})+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{PQ}=\frac{1}{1-k}(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DC}) b/Cho I thuộc BD s/c : \overrightarrow{IB}=k\overrightarrow{ID} Ta có \frac{\overrightarrow{PA}}{\overrightarrow{IB}}=\frac{\overrightarrow{PD}}{\overrightarrow{ID}}\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{PI}}//{\overrightarrow{AB} \Rightarrow {\overrightarrow{AB}//(PQI)}\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AB}//\overrightarrow{PQ} => \overrightarrow{PQ}// mp chứa \overrightarrow{AB}